Innovations for Climate Resilient Agriculture
This week, World Water Day was celebrated – a day to reflect on the uncertain future of this essential resource. In recent years, climate change has disrupted rainfall patterns, leading to longer drought periods and intensifying extreme weather events.
An example of this is the train of squalls that has shaken Spain this March 2025. Recent studies warn of the increasing aridification of the country, due to a reduction in the amount of precipitation, in contrast to an increase in torrential rains in specific periods.
This is a phenomenon that affects us all, but above all challenges agriculture, highlighting the need to evolve towards more sustainable models that optimise water use and adapt to these changing conditions.
Cultivation of Drought- and Salinity-Resistant Crops
The use of resilient crops adapted to arid and saline soils is one of the most effective strategies for reducing water consumption in agriculture.
- Salicornia: This halophyte plant can grow with seawater, making it a sustainable alternative in regions affected by soil salinization. Additionally, it stores fresh rainwater to withstand long drought periods, meaning it does not require irrigation to thrive. Rich in minerals like magnesium, potassium, calcium, and iodine, as well as antioxidants and fiber, Salicornia is a highly nutritious option for the future of food.
- Quinoa: Native to the Andes, quinoa has been cultivated for centuries in mountainous and arid terrains with minimal rainfall. Thanks to its deep root system, it can absorb moisture from the soil even in extreme drought conditions. Its ability to grow in poor and saline soils makes it a strategic crop in the face of climate change. Additionally, it is a great source of protein, essential amino acids, and fiber.
- Millet: This cereal grows in poor, arid soils and requires 70% less water than wheat or rice. Its fast growth cycle and high heat tolerance make it ideal for extreme climates. Nutritionally, millet is rich in iron, magnesium, and B vitamins.
- Amaranth: A pseudocereal that thrives in arid soils and requires little water to grow. Its adaptability to extreme climates makes it a sustainable alternative for agriculture in drought-affected regions. Furthermore, it is an exceptional source of high-quality protein, minerals like calcium and iron, and antioxidants, making it a highly nutritious food.
Smart Irrigation with Advanced Technologies
New technologies are within our reach to optimize work in countless sectors, and agriculture is no exception. Through data analysis and artificial intelligence, we can enhance water efficiency in farming, reducing waste and improving irrigation effectiveness. Incorporating these innovations leads to more sustainable crop production.
- Soil moisture sensors: Measure in real time the exact amount of water each crop needs.
- Drones and satellites: Provide real-time images and detailed data on soil and plant conditions.
- Solar-powered drip irrigation: Uses solar energy to pump water directly to the roots, minimizing losses due to evaporation.
The combination of these tools improves agricultural productivity while preserving this vital resource.
Use of Treated Wastewater for Irrigation
Irrigation with reclaimed water is a sustainable alternative that saves millions of liters of fresh water while improving soil fertility thanks to the nutrients present in the treated water.
- Freshwater conservation: Instead of using potable water for irrigation, previously used resources are repurposed.
- Soil improvement: Reclaimed water contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients that can reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers.
- Reduced environmental impact: Minimizes wastewater discharge into rivers and seas, preventing pollution and promoting better water utilization.
Nature-Based Solutions
Harnessing ecological processes to improve water efficiency in agriculture not only conserves water but also enhances biodiversity and regenerates soils.
- Agroforestry: A technique that combines trees, shrubs, and crops on the same land, mimicking natural ecosystems to improve agricultural productivity. Tree roots stabilize the soil, preventing nutrient and moisture loss, while the shade of trees and shrubs reduces evaporation and mitigates extreme temperatures.
- Cover crops: Involves planting low-growing vegetation, such as clovers or grasses, between main crops. This method reduces evaporation, increases the soil’s water retention capacity, and provides habitat for pollinators and beneficial microorganisms that enhance soil fertility.
- Soil regeneration: Achieved through compost, which adds organic matter to improve soil structure and water retention, or biochar (activated charcoal), a porous material that helps retain water and fertilize the soil.
Conclusion
Climate change and the growing freshwater crisis urge us to rethink how we cultivate food. Faced with resource scarcity and a rising population, it is crucial to adopt more sustainable and environmentally responsible agricultural practices. Cultivating drought- and salt-resistant species, improving irrigation efficiency through innovative technologies, and integrating nature-based solutions are essential steps toward a more resilient and sustainable agriculture.
Only through continuous innovation, a commitment to sustainability, and collaboration can we ensure food production without compromising the natural resources that sustain us. The future of agriculture, food, and, ultimately, humanity depends on our ability to adapt and implement creative, responsible solutions.
Written by Sara Montaner. We rely on AI technology. Translated by Irene Perea.